Psychology
Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences, 3rd Edition
ISBN-10: 0618705910 ISBN-13: 9780618705917
448 Pages Paperbound
© 2007 Published
- Overview
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- About the Author
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- Table of Contents
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- Features
Table of Contents
Note: Each chapter concludes with a Summary, Key Terms, a Review and Discussion Questions, and "Hands-on Experience."
I. Getting Started
1. Introduction to Research
Behavioral Research
Everyday Science Versus Empirical Research
The Scientific Method
Values Versus Facts in Scientific Research
Basic and Applied Research
The Importance of Studying Research Methods
Research Designs: Three Approaches to Studying Behavior
2. Developing the Research Hypothesis
Getting Ideas
Doing a Literature Search
Formalizing Ideas into Research Hypotheses
3. Ethics in Research
What Is Ethical Research?
Protecting Research Participants from Physical
and Psychological Harm
Maintaining Awareness of Power Differentials
Honestly Describing the Nature and Use of the Research
Using Animals as Research Participants
Ensuring that Research Is Ethical
II. Measuring and Describing
4. Measures
Fundamentals of Measurement
Measurement Scales
Self-Report Measures
Behavioral Measures
Choosing a Measure
5. Reliability and Validity
Random and Systematic Error
Reliability
Construct Validity
Improving the Reliability and Validity of Measured Variables
Comparing Reliability and Validity
6. Surveys and Sampling
Surveys
Sampling and Generalization
Summarizing the Sample Data
Sample Size and the Margin of Error
7. Naturalistic Methods
Naturalistic Research
Observational Research
Case Studies
Systematic Coding Methods
Archival Research
III. Testing Research Hypotheses
8. Hypothesis Testing and Inferential Statistics
Probability and Inferential Statistics
Sampling Distributions and Hypothesis Testing
Reduction of Inferential Errors
Statistical Significance and the Effect Size
9. Correlational Research Designs
Associations Among Quantitative Variables
Statistical Assessment of Relationships
Correlation and Causality
When Correlational Designs Are Appropriate
10. Experimental Research: One-Way Designs
Demonstration of Causality
One-Way Experimental Designs
Analysis of Variance
Repeated-Measures Designs
Presentation of Experiment Results
When Experiments Are Appropriate
IV. Designing and Interpreting Research
11. Experimental Research: Factorial Designs
Factorial Experimental Designs
Understanding Interactions
More Factorial Designs
Comparison of the Condition Means in Experimental Designs
12. Experimental Control and Internal Validity
Threats to the Validity of Research
Experimental Control
Control of Extraneous Variables
Creation of Valid Manipulations
Threats to Internal Validity
13. External Validity
Understanding External Validity
Generalization
Replications
Summarizing and Integrating Research Results
14. Quasi-Experimental Research Designs
Program Evaluation Research
Quasi-Experimental Designs
Time-Series Designs
Participant-Variable Designs
Single-Participant Designs
Appendix A. Reporting Research Results
Communication of Scientific Knowledge
The Research Report
Tips on Writing the Research Report
Appendix B. Data Preparation and Univariate Statistics
Preparing Data for Analysis
Conducting Statistical Analysis
Computing Descriptive Statistics
Working with Inferential Statistics
Appendix C. Bivariate Statistics
The Pearson Correlation Coefficient
Contingency Tables
Bivariate Regression
One-Way Analysis of Variance
Appendix D. Multivariate Statistics
Multiple Regression
Loglinear Analysis
Means Comparisons
Multivariate Statistics
How to Choose the Appropriate Statistical Test
Appendix E. Statistical Tables
Statistical Table A: Random Numbers
Statistical Table B: Distribution of z in the Standard Normal Distribution
Statistical Table C: Critical Values of t
Statistical Table D: Critical Values of r
Statistical Table E: Critical Values of Chi Square
Statistical Table F: Critical Values of F
Statistical Table G: Statistical Power
Appendix F. Using Computers to Collect Data
Glossary
References
Index